LOCAL VETERINARY RESOURCE • CAVE CREEK, CAREFREE & NORTH SCOTTSDALE

Living with dogs and cats in the Sonoran Desert is extraordinary—but it also creates health risks that pet owners in other parts of the country may rarely encounter. Rattlesnakes, extreme heat, Valley Fever, cactus injuries, coyotes, scorpions, desert toads, wildlife encounters and rocky desert terrain can all affect the way we care for pets in Cave Creek, Carefree, Desert Mountain, North Scottsdale and surrounding North Valley communities.

Desert Forest Animal Hospital has cared for dogs and cats in Cave Creek since 1984. This veterinarian-reviewed guide was created as a practical local resource for pet owners, veterinary professionals, pet sitters, trainers and others responsible for animals living in or visiting the Sonoran Desert.

It is not meant to turn every desert exposure into an emergency. Its purpose is to help you recognize preventable risks, understand which symptoms should not be ignored and know when a pet may need routine care, same-day urgent veterinary care, or immediate treatment at a 24-hour emergency hospital.

Desert Forest Animal Hospital is a locally owned animal hospital in Cave Creek providing veterinary care for dogs and cats.

Is Your Dog or Cat Having an Emergency Right Now?

Do not use an online guide to delay veterinary care for a critically ill pet.

Seek immediate veterinary attention for severe or labored breathing, blue or gray gums, collapse, unresponsiveness, uncontrolled bleeding, major trauma, repeated or prolonged seizures, complete inability to urinate, profound weakness, severe heat illness, rapidly worsening allergic reactions, suspected serious poisoning, or another condition that appears life-threatening.

A suspected rattlesnake bite also requires immediate veterinary attention. Do not wait for swelling or visible fang marks to develop.

Desert Forest Animal Hospital provides same-day urgent veterinary care in Cave Creek during regular business hours when staffing, current patient volume and the patient’s medical needs allow. We are not a 24-hour emergency hospital and do not provide overnight intensive-care monitoring.

Call before you drive: (480) 488-2010

Quick Guide to Desert Pet Risks

• Extreme heat and burned paw pads
• Rattlesnake encounters and bites
• Valley Fever in Arizona pets
• Coyotes and wildlife
• Cactus, paw and trail injuries
• Scorpions and desert toads
• Special desert safety concerns for cats
• Hiking and North Scottsdale trail safety
• Urgent care versus emergency care
• How a local animal hospital evaluates a sick desert pet
• Checklist for families new to Arizona
• Resource for veterinary and pet-care professionals

Why Veterinary Care Is Different in the Sonoran Desert

Geography matters in medicine.

A dog living beside open desert in Cave Creek may have very different environmental exposures from a dog living in a high-rise apartment in another state. A cat in Carefree or Desert Mountain may live within a few yards of wildlife habitat. A newly arrived Arizona family may never have heard of Valley Fever. And a dog accustomed to long morning walks elsewhere can become dangerously overheated surprisingly quickly in an Arizona summer.

When evaluating a dog or cat in our Cave Creek animal hospital, useful history may include more than age and vaccination status. We may want to know:

• Does your pet hike or walk desert trails?
• Does your property border open desert or a wash?
• Does your dog dig in dry soil?
• Has there been recent construction or significant soil disturbance nearby?
• Does your pet spend time outdoors at dawn, dusk or overnight?
• Have you seen rattlesnakes, coyotes, scorpions or other wildlife around your property?
• Did your pet recently move to Arizona?
• Has your dog developed unexplained coughing, weight loss, fever or lameness?
• Has your cat developed unexplained weight loss or a persistent draining skin lesion?

These questions do not replace veterinary diagnostics. They provide local context that can help a veterinarian develop a more appropriate list of possible causes.

1. Extreme Heat, Dehydration and Burned Paw Pads

Heat exposure is one of the most predictable—and potentially serious—risks facing dogs and cats in the Phoenix North Valley. Pets cool themselves differently than people, and heat illness can progress from excessive panting and weakness to organ injury, neurologic abnormalities, collapse and death.

The City of Scottsdale gives dog owners an unusually useful local rule for the McDowell Sonoran Preserve: if temperatures will exceed 90°F at any point during the outing, leave the dog at home. The City also notes that a 90°F air temperature can correspond with surface temperatures around 135°F.

Read the City of Scottsdale McDowell Sonoran Preserve safety guidance .

Signs of Heat Stress or Heatstroke

• Heavy or excessive panting
• Thick or excessive drooling
• Weakness or reluctance to continue walking
• Stumbling or poor coordination
• Vomiting or diarrhea
• Abnormal gum color
• Disorientation
• Collapse
• Seizures

Heatstroke is a veterinary emergency. Move the pet away from the heat and begin safe cooling while veterinary care is being arranged. Avoid ice baths or extremely cold water unless specifically instructed by a veterinarian.

For detailed medical guidance, read our Cave Creek heatstroke guide for dogs and cats.

Additional professional guidance: American Animal Hospital Association — Heatstroke in Pets and American Veterinary Medical Association — Warm Weather Pet Safety .

Hot Ground Can Injure Paws

Asphalt, concrete, stone, desert rock and artificial surfaces can become much hotter than the surrounding air. Paw-pad burns may cause limping, reluctance to walk, licking at the feet, redness, blistering or damaged pads.

Walk during cooler periods, choose shaded routes when possible, and do not assume a trail or sidewalk is safe simply because the air temperature seems tolerable. Senior dogs, overweight pets, brachycephalic breeds and animals with heart or respiratory disease deserve additional caution.

2. Rattlesnake Bites in Dogs and Cats

Rattlesnake exposure is not theoretical in Cave Creek, Carefree, Desert Mountain and North Scottsdale. Pets living next to desert open space, hiking trails, washes and natural landscaping may encounter snakes around homes as well as during recreation.

A suspected rattlesnake bite requires immediate veterinary evaluation. Do not wait for swelling, bruising, weakness or other signs to appear.

After a suspected bite:

1. Move yourself and your pet safely away from the snake.
2. Do not try to capture, kill or handle the snake.
3. Keep your pet as calm and still as reasonably possible.
4. Carry a small pet when practical and safe.
5. Call the veterinary hospital immediately while arranging transportation.
6. Do not apply a tourniquet, cut the wound, suction the bite or apply ice.

Desert Forest Animal Hospital stocks crotalid antivenom for veterinary patients and evaluates suspected rattlesnake bites during regular business hours. Calling before arrival allows our team to confirm current capacity and prepare when possible.

Read our complete rattlesnake bite guide for dogs and cats in Cave Creek.

The ASPCA likewise advises obtaining veterinary treatment as quickly as possible rather than delaying transportation to perform ineffective home first aid.

3. Valley Fever: A Disease Every Arizona Pet Owner Should Know

Valley Fever is caused by Coccidioides, a fungus that lives in soil in Arizona and other parts of the Southwest. Infection occurs when microscopic fungal spores become airborne and are inhaled.

This is one of the clearest examples of why choosing a veterinarian familiar with the region can matter. Desert Forest Animal Hospital diagnoses approximately one case of Valley Fever each week, giving our veterinary team extensive practical experience evaluating the many ways this disease can appear.

Possible Valley Fever Signs in Dogs

• Persistent coughing
• Fever
• Reduced appetite
• Weight loss
• Lethargy
• Unexplained or persistent limping
• Bone or joint pain
• Swelling of a limb
• Respiratory difficulty
• Neurologic, eye or skin abnormalities in disseminated disease

Valley Fever in Cats

Cats develop diagnosed Valley Fever much less frequently than dogs, but infection does occur. The University of Arizona Valley Fever Center for Excellence notes that cats may present differently from dogs. Persistent or draining skin lesions can be particularly important, along with weight loss, reduced appetite, fever, lethargy, respiratory signs or lameness.

Read Desert Forest’s complete Valley Fever guide for dogs and cats in Cave Creek.

Veterinary professionals and pet owners can also consult the University of Arizona Valley Fever Center for Excellence .

Can Valley Fever Be Prevented?

There is currently no guaranteed way to eliminate exposure for a pet living in an endemic region. Practical ways to reduce unnecessary dust exposure can include limiting digging in dry soil, discouraging exploration of rodent holes, reducing activity during severe dust events and being thoughtful about major soil disturbance around the home.

These measures may reduce exposure but cannot make an Arizona pet’s risk zero.

4. Coyotes, Bobcats and Other Desert Wildlife

Cave Creek and northern Scottsdale are wildlife communities as much as residential communities. Coyotes are common in both rural and suburban Arizona and may move through neighborhoods, washes, golf-course edges and open desert.

Arizona Game and Fish specifically warns that unattended cats and small dogs can become prey and recommends supervising small pets outdoors, particularly at night and around dawn and dusk.

A six-foot fence should not automatically be considered sufficient protection from coyotes.

Reduce Wildlife Risk Around Your Home

• Do not leave small pets outdoors unattended.
• Keep cats indoors or use a secure enclosed catio.
• Supervise dogs outside, particularly around dawn and dusk.
• Keep dogs leashed while walking.
• Do not leave pet food outdoors.
• Secure trash and remove food attractants.
• Pick up fallen fruit and other potential wildlife food sources.
• Never intentionally feed coyotes or other predatory wildlife.

See Arizona Game and Fish guidance on living with coyotes .

If Your Pet Is Bitten by Wildlife

Bite wounds can be much more significant beneath the skin than they initially appear. Punctures can introduce bacteria deep into tissue, and crushing injuries may not be obvious externally. Wildlife encounters also raise questions about rabies vaccination and exposure management.

Contact a veterinarian promptly after a bite or significant wildlife encounter. Severe bleeding, breathing difficulty, collapse, major trauma or profound weakness warrants emergency evaluation.

5. Cactus, Paw and Desert Trail Injuries

Desert hiking creates injury patterns that are easy to understand once you have lived here for a while: cactus spines, sharp rocks, torn nails, paw-pad abrasions, puncture wounds and sudden lameness after an outdoor excursion.

Cactus Spines

A few easily accessible superficial spines may be straightforward to address, but veterinary help is appropriate when spines are numerous, deeply embedded, located in the mouth or eye, associated with substantial pain, or difficult to remove safely.

Pain can cause even a normally gentle dog or cat to bite. Avoid prolonged restraint or aggressive home removal when the pet is frightened or painful.

When Limping Needs More Than Rest

Not every Arizona limp is a cactus injury. Persistent or severe lameness may also involve a torn nail, pad injury, ligament or joint disease, fracture, infection, snakebite, or—in this region—conditions such as Valley Fever involving bone.

Desert Forest can combine physical examination with digital veterinary X-rays, in-house diagnostic testing and other diagnostics when appropriate.

6. Scorpions, Sonoran Desert Toads and Other Unexpected Encounters

Scorpion Stings

Dogs and cats may investigate scorpions with their noses or paws. Sudden pain, licking, pawing at the face or limping may have many possible causes, so owners should avoid assuming every painful episode is a harmless scorpion sting.

Marked pain, tremors, weakness, neurologic abnormalities, breathing difficulty or rapidly worsening symptoms deserve veterinary evaluation.

Read our guide to scorpion stings in dogs and cats in Cave Creek.

Sonoran Desert Toads

The Sonoran Desert toad, sometimes called the Colorado River toad, can present a serious poisoning risk to dogs that mouth or lick it. Encounters are particularly associated with periods when toads emerge around available water.

Severe drooling, pawing at the mouth, abnormal heart rhythm, stumbling, tremors or seizures after a suspected toad encounter require immediate veterinary attention.

For suspected poisoning, contact a veterinary professional or poison-control service immediately. Do not wait for serious symptoms to develop.

ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center is available 24 hours a day. A consultation fee may apply.

7. Sonoran Desert Safety for Cats

Desert safety advice is often written for dogs because dogs hike, walk trails and investigate wildlife with their noses. Cats deserve their own section.

Cats face many of the same environmental hazards while also being particularly good at hiding illness.

Outdoor Cats and Coyotes

Free-roaming cats in Cave Creek, Carefree and North Scottsdale share their environment with coyotes and other predators. The safest way to reduce this risk is to keep cats indoors or provide access through a secure enclosed catio or other protected space.

Heat Can Affect Cats Too

A cat can overheat in an enclosed patio, garage, vehicle or inadequately cooled area. Older cats, overweight cats, kittens and cats with heart or respiratory disease may be particularly vulnerable.

Open-mouth breathing or panting in a cat should be treated as an emergency sign rather than normal cooling behavior.

Valley Fever Can Look Different in Cats

Cats with Valley Fever may not simply develop the classic cough owners associate with respiratory disease. Persistent draining skin lesions, weight loss, poor appetite, fever, lethargy, respiratory changes, limping or unusual behavior can all warrant evaluation.

A Male Cat Straining in the Litter Box May Have an Emergency

Frequent trips to the litter box, straining, vocalizing, licking the genital area or producing only tiny amounts of urine should not automatically be dismissed as constipation or behavioral trouble.

A male cat producing little or no urine may have a urinary obstruction, which can become life-threatening. Complete inability to urinate requires immediate veterinary treatment.

Microchip Indoor Cats Too

Indoor cats can escape during a door opening, storm, home repair, evacuation or other unexpected event. A registered microchip provides permanent backup identification when a collar is missing.

Learn about pet microchipping at Desert Forest Animal Hospital.

Reducing Veterinary Stress for Cats

A stressful car ride or veterinary visit can make owners postpone needed care. Dr. Quinn Bauer is a Fear Free Certified veterinarian, and our team uses behavior-aware handling when medically appropriate.

Cat owners can read our detailed guide to Fear Free veterinary care for cats in Cave Creek.

8. Hiking With Dogs in Cave Creek and North Scottsdale

One reason people choose Cave Creek, Carefree and North Scottsdale is access to the desert. Dogs often become part of that outdoor lifestyle, but trail rules and environmental conditions matter.

McDowell Sonoran Preserve

The City of Scottsdale’s McDowell Sonoran Preserve includes more than 30,000 acres and an extensive trail system. Dogs are permitted on designated Preserve trails but must remain on a handheld leash no longer than six feet.

Most importantly for pet safety, Scottsdale advises owners: if temperatures will exceed 90°F during the outing, leave the dog at home.

Always check current trail conditions, rules and closures before leaving home: McDowell Sonoran Preserve .

Pinnacle Peak Is Different

Do not assume every Scottsdale desert trail allows dogs. Dogs are not permitted on the Pinnacle Peak Park trail.

See current City of Scottsdale Pinnacle Peak Park rules and safety information .

Before Hiking With Your Dog

• Check the hourly temperature forecast—not just the current temperature.
• Confirm dogs are permitted on the specific trail.
• Bring more water than you expect to use.
• Use a secure leash.
• Watch the trail ahead for snakes.
• Keep dogs away from cactus and unfamiliar wildlife.
• Inspect paws after the hike.
• Know where you would seek veterinary care before an emergency occurs.

9. When to Call a Same-Day Urgent Vet in Cave Creek

Veterinary urgent care occupies the space between a routine appointment and a 24-hour emergency hospital. A stable pet may still have a medical problem that should not wait several days.

Desert Forest Animal Hospital provides same-day pet urgent care in Cave Creek during regular business hours when capacity and the patient’s medical condition allow. Pet owners from Cave Creek, Carefree, Tatum Ranch, Dove Valley Ranch, Terravita, Desert Mountain, Desert Hills, North Scottsdale, Anthem and surrounding North Valley communities are welcome to call.

Problems That May Be Appropriate for Same-Day Evaluation

• Repeated vomiting or diarrhea in an otherwise stable pet
• Reduced appetite or new lethargy
• Sudden limping without major trauma
• Minor wounds or paw injuries
• Ear pain or discharge
• Eye redness, squinting or discharge without major trauma
• Urinary discomfort while the pet is still producing urine
• Mild hives while breathing normally
• Coughing without respiratory distress
• Unexpected pain or behavior change
• Concern about a cactus, scorpion or other desert exposure

Call Immediately for Veterinary Triage

• Possible rattlesnake bite
• Possible toxin exposure
• Suspected foreign-object ingestion
• Rapid facial swelling or allergic reaction
• A male cat straining to urinate
• Eye trauma or sudden vision changes
• Significant wildlife bite
• Rapidly worsening symptoms

Go to an Emergency Hospital for a Life-Threatening Problem

• Severe or labored breathing
• Blue, gray or very pale gums
• Collapse or unresponsiveness
• Major trauma
• Uncontrolled bleeding
• Repeated or prolonged seizures
• Complete inability to urinate
• Severe heat-related illness
• Severely swollen abdomen with repeated unproductive retching
• Profound or rapidly worsening weakness

Learn more about same-day urgent veterinary care at Desert Forest Animal Hospital.

Call first: (480) 488-2010

10. Why Access to an Animal Hospital’s Diagnostics Matters When a Pet Suddenly Gets Sick

A desert exposure is not always the diagnosis.

A limping dog could have a cactus spine, orthopedic injury, fracture, rattlesnake bite or Valley Fever. A lethargic pet could be dehydrated, painful, infected, anemic, overheated or affected by an unrelated internal illness. A vomiting dog could have simple gastrointestinal upset—or a foreign object, toxin exposure, pancreatitis or another significant disorder.

That is why the practical advantage of a full-service animal hospital is the ability to move when appropriate from:

history → examination → diagnostics → treatment decision

Diagnostic capabilities at Desert Forest Animal Hospital include:

• In-house veterinary blood work and diagnostics
• Urinalysis
• Digital veterinary X-rays
• Board-certified radiology consultation when indicated
• Skin and ear cytology
• Abdominal ultrasound when medically appropriate and available
• Blood-pressure measurement when indicated
• Additional outside laboratory testing when needed

The goal is not to perform every possible test. It is to identify which information is most likely to change the medical decision for the individual dog or cat.

11. Moving to Cave Creek, Carefree or North Scottsdale With a Pet?

Families moving to Arizona from other regions often arrive with excellent veterinary records but little reason to have previously discussed rattlesnakes, Valley Fever or prolonged desert heat.

At your first Arizona veterinary visit, consider discussing:

• Your pet’s previous geographic history
• Current vaccination records
• Heartworm, flea and tick prevention
• Whether your dog will hike or spend time in open desert
• Whether your yard borders a wash or undeveloped land
• Rattlesnake exposure risk
• Valley Fever symptoms worth recognizing
• Heat and exercise planning
• Wildlife risk for dogs and cats
• Microchip registration and current contact information
• Where to seek after-hours emergency care

Our New Client Center explains how to establish care and transfer records.

Families immediately east of Cave Creek can also visit our veterinarian near Carefree, Arizona resource.

12. Pet Safety Around Desert Homes

Not every desert injury happens on a trail. Many exposures occur in a backyard, driveway, patio or neighborhood.

A Practical Desert Home Checklist

• Supervise small pets outdoors where coyotes are present.
• Avoid leaving pet food outside.
• Check yards and patios before allowing pets outside at night.
• Keep cats indoors or use a secure outdoor enclosure.
• Keep rabies vaccination current.
• Make sure your pet’s microchip registration contains your current phone number.
• Store pesticides, rodenticides, fertilizers and pool chemicals where pets cannot reach them.
• Know which landscaping plants are pet-safe.
• Prevent unsupervised access to pools, ponds and other water features where wildlife may congregate.
• Keep a secure carrier for each cat and an appropriate leash or transport plan for each dog.
• Save your veterinarian’s phone number and the location of an appropriate 24-hour emergency hospital before you need them.

13. A Sonoran Desert Pet Resource for Veterinary and Pet-Care Professionals

This guide may also be useful for veterinary teams, pet sitters, dog walkers, trainers, boarding facilities, rescue organizations, real-estate professionals helping families relocate with pets, and anyone responsible for animals in Cave Creek and the surrounding North Valley.

For Professionals Advising Clients New to Arizona

A brief local-risk conversation can be particularly valuable for a pet that has recently moved from outside the Southwest. Topics worth including in a transition-of-care history may include:

• Previous geographic residence
• Desert hiking and outdoor activity
• Exposure to open soil and dust
• Wildlife access
• Heat tolerance and brachycephalic status
• Parasite-prevention history
• Vaccination status
• Baseline respiratory or orthopedic abnormalities
• Microchip status

For Veterinary Teams Evaluating an Arizona Patient

Local environmental history should complement—not replace—a complete medical differential diagnosis. A presumed cactus injury may ultimately prove orthopedic. A cough may or may not be Valley Fever. Sudden pain may not be a scorpion sting. A swollen limb may represent trauma, envenomation, infection or another disease process.

The purpose of a local history is to improve context while maintaining disciplined clinical reasoning.

14. Reliable Sonoran Desert Pet Health Resources

We encourage pet owners to distinguish evidence-based veterinary and government resources from anonymous social-media advice. Useful references include:

• University of Arizona Valley Fever Center for Excellence
• Arizona Game and Fish Department — Living With Coyotes
• City of Scottsdale — McDowell Sonoran Preserve
• American Animal Hospital Association — Heatstroke in Pets
• American Veterinary Medical Association — Warm Weather Pet Safety
• ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center

Frequently Asked Questions About Sonoran Desert Pet Safety

What are the biggest health risks for dogs in Cave Creek?

Important local risks include extreme heat, hot surfaces, rattlesnake encounters, cactus and paw injuries, coyotes and other wildlife, scorpion stings, Valley Fever and unexpected toxin exposures. Individual risk depends heavily on the dog’s lifestyle and health.

What are the biggest desert risks for cats?

Outdoor cats face predation and wildlife exposure, while both indoor and outdoor cats can be affected by heat, Valley Fever, toxins, scorpion encounters and other illnesses. Cats also tend to conceal illness, so persistent appetite, breathing, weight, behavior, urinary or skin changes deserve attention.

Is there a same-day urgent vet in Cave Creek?

Yes. Desert Forest Animal Hospital provides same-day urgent veterinary evaluation for many stable illnesses and injuries during regular business hours when staffing, current patient volume and the patient’s medical needs allow. Call (480) 488-2010 before traveling.

Does Desert Forest Animal Hospital treat rattlesnake bites?

Desert Forest Animal Hospital evaluates suspected rattlesnake bites and stocks crotalid antivenom for dogs and cats. A suspected bite requires immediate veterinary attention. Do not wait for visible swelling before seeking care.

Does Desert Forest diagnose Valley Fever?

Yes. Valley Fever is an important part of veterinary medicine in Arizona, and Desert Forest Animal Hospital diagnoses approximately one case per week. Depending on the patient, evaluation may include examination, Valley Fever antibody testing, laboratory work and diagnostic imaging.

Can dogs hike in the McDowell Sonoran Preserve?

Dogs are permitted on designated Preserve trails under City of Scottsdale rules and must remain on a handheld leash no longer than six feet. Scottsdale advises leaving dogs home when temperatures will exceed 90°F during the outing. Always verify current rules and closures before leaving home.

Are dogs allowed at Pinnacle Peak Park?

No. Dogs are not permitted on the Pinnacle Peak Park trail. This is a useful reminder to check the rules for the specific destination rather than assuming all North Scottsdale trails have the same pet policy.

Where can I find an animal hospital near Carefree or Desert Mountain?

Desert Forest Animal Hospital is located at 6554 E Cave Creek Road in Cave Creek and cares for dogs and cats from Cave Creek, Carefree, Desert Mountain, Terravita, Tatum Ranch, Dove Valley Ranch, Desert Hills, North Scottsdale, Anthem and surrounding North Valley communities.

Your Local Cave Creek Animal Hospital

Desert Forest Animal Hospital has served the Cave Creek community since 1984. We provide preventive veterinary medicine, dentistry, surgery, diagnostic testing, treatment of illness and injury, and same-day urgent veterinary care when availability allows.

Our veterinary capabilities include in-house laboratory testing, digital X-rays, abdominal ultrasound when appropriate and available, rattlesnake antivenom, IV fluid therapy, diagnostic evaluation and coordination with emergency and specialty hospitals when a patient needs another level of care.

Dr. Quinn Bauer is a Fear Free Certified veterinarian, and our team incorporates Fear Free veterinary care principles when medically appropriate.

If you are looking for a veterinarian in Cave Creek, an animal hospital near Carefree, veterinary care for a pet from Desert Mountain or North Scottsdale, or same-day help for a sick dog or cat, call us and tell us what is happening.

Desert Forest Animal Hospital
6554 E Cave Creek Road
Cave Creek, AZ 85331
(480) 488-2010

Regular Hours:
Monday–Friday: 9:00 a.m.–6:00 p.m.
Saturday: Closed
Sunday: Closed

Contact Desert Forest Animal Hospital →   |   Become a New Client →   |   Same-Day Urgent Care →

Medical Review

Reviewed for medical accuracy by Bryan Hayter, DVM
Owner & Medical Director, Desert Forest Animal Hospital
Cave Creek, Arizona

Last medically reviewed: October 2026

This resource provides general veterinary education and local pet-safety information. It cannot diagnose an individual dog or cat, determine the severity of a specific condition, or replace examination and individualized veterinary advice.

If your pet has severe difficulty breathing, blue or gray gums, collapse, major trauma, uncontrolled bleeding, repeated seizures, complete inability to urinate, severe heat illness, suspected rattlesnake envenomation or another potentially life-threatening condition, seek immediate veterinary care.